
Length Category: Small (<40 cm)
Trophic Level: Omnivores
Migratory Pattern: Medium Distance (100-1,000 km)
Spawning Period: Rising
Export Market: Regional (in Amazon)
Market Status: Second class
Catch Distribution:
Aracu total potential yield was estimated to be 4,660 tons. The yield is concentrated in the Central Amazon, representing 63% of the total. There are also significant catches in the Estuary (14%) and Tocantins (12%) regions. In the estuary, aracu are captured mostly in the inner delta region, including waters of inland Marajó Island. Moderate catches are made in the Lower Amazon (6%) and Peruvian Amazon (4%).
Natural History Notes:
The aracu commercial fish group consists of several genera and perhaps 10 species. They are seldom separated in fisheries statistics, though in each region, one species tends to be more important than others. The most exploited species are Schizodon fasciatus, Schizodon vittatus, Leporinus fasciatus, Leporinus friderici, Leporinus trifasciatus, Rhytiodus microlepis, and Rhytiodus argenteofuscus. These aracu species are predominantly herbivorous and feed on fruits, seeds, and herbaceous plant material. Many species also feed to some extent on arthropods and small fishes. Most commercial aracu species are migratory and they are captured during the two annual migrations. They are also exploited in floodplain waters with gill nets.

Catch distributions of Aracus. Source: Barthem, R., Goulding, M. 2007. An unexpected ecosystem: the Amazon as revealed by fisheries. Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
Brazil | |
Aracu | Anostomoides laticeps |
Aracu-flamengo | Leporinus affinis |
Aracu-pinima | Leporinus affinis |
Piau-flamengo | Leporinus affinis |
Piau-pinima | Leporinus affinis |
Aracu-paca | Leporinus fasciatus |
Aracu-flamengo | Leporinus fasciatus |
Piau-flamengo | Leporinus fasciatus |
Aracu | Leporinus friderici |
Aracu-branco | Leporinus friderici |
Aracu-cabeça-gorda | Leporinus friderici |
Aracu | Leporinus trifasciatus |
Aracu-cabeça-gorda | Leporinus trifasciatus |
Piau-cabeça-gorda | Leporinus trifasciatus |
Aracu-banana | Rhytiodus argenteofuscus |
Aracu-pau-de-negro | Rhytiodus argenteofuscus |
Aracu-pau-de-vaqueiro | Rhytiodus argenteofuscus |
Aracu-pau-de-negro | Rhytiodus microlepis |
Aracu-banana | Rhytiodus microlepis |
Aracu-pau-de-vaqueiro | Rhytiodus microlepis |
Piau-cabeça-gorda | Leporinus friderici |
Piava | Leporinus friderici |
Aracu-comum | Schizodon fasciatus |
Aracu-comum | Schizodon vittatus |
Aracu-pororoca | Schizodon vittatus |
Colombia | |
Omima | Schizodon fasciatus |
Cheo | Schizodon fasciatus |
Lisa | Schizodon fasciatus |
Omima | Leporinus trifasciatus |
Cheo | Leporinus trifasciatus |
Cheo | Leporinus friderici |
Omima | Leporinus affinis |
Omima | Leporinus fasciatus |
Omima | Leporinus friderici |
Cheo | Leporinus fasciatus |
Cheo | Leporinus affinis |
Ecuador | |
Sardina | Rhytiodus microlepis |
Ratón | Leporinus friderici |
Sardina | Schizodon fasciatus |
Peru | |
Lisa | Schizodon fasciatus |
Lisa | Rhytiodus microlepis |
Lisa | Leporinus affinis |
Lisa | Leporinus fasciatus |
Lisa | Leporinus friderici |
Lisa | Leporinus trifasciatus |
Lisa | Rhytiodus argenteofuscus |